The boom and arm cylinder assemblies are essential components of an excavator’s lifting and digging system. Proper maintenance and timely replacement of hydraulic cylinders and related parts are crucial for optimal excavator performance and productivity.
Functions of Boom and Arm Cylinder Assemblies:
The boom cylinder assembly consists of:
- Hydraulic cylinder – Pivots the boom up and down
- Pin connections – Attach the cylinder to the boom and base
The arm cylinder assembly includes:
- Hydraulic cylinder – Actuates the articulating arm linkage
- Pin connections – Attach the cylinder to the arm and boom
Hydraulic cylinders work by:
- Extending and retracting their rods in response to hydraulic pressure
- Raising and lowering the boom and stick arms
- Opening and closing the articulating arm at the joint
Components of Excavator Hydraulic Cylinders:
Hydraulic cylinders used in boom and arm assemblies include:
- Piston – Acts on the hydraulic fluid to extend or retract the rod
- Rod – Connects to the boom or arm and transmits force
- Cylinder tube – Houses the piston and rod assembly
- Seals – Prevent fluid leakage around the piston and rod
- Bushings – Reduce friction within the pin connections
Maintaining Excavator Hydraulic Cylinders:
Routine maintenance should include:
- Checking for leaks around seals, cylinders, and hoses
- Inspecting rods/tubes for dents, scratches, or excessive wear
- Lubricating bushings and pins with grease every 50 hours
- Checking hoses/fittings for cracks, damage, or loose fittings
- Testing for full range of motion – Cylinders should move freely
Proper maintenance and timely replacement of the boom and arm cylinder assemblies are critical to maximizing an excavator’s performance, productivity, and longevity. Neglected or worn hydraulic cylinders can drastically reduce excavator efficiency, costing operators time and money.